Izvo zvinhu zvezvikamu zvikuru zvevhavha zvinofanira kutanga zvafunga nezvezvinhu zvemuviri (kupisa, kudzvinyirira) uye makemikari zvinhu (corrosivity) yekushanda kwepakati.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodiwawo kuziva kuchena kwepakati (kana pane zvimedu zvakasimba).Pamusoro pezvo, mirau yakakodzera uye zvinodikanwa zvehurumende nemadhipatimendi evashandisi zvinozotaurwawo kwazviri.
Mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvebasa remavharuvhu pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda.Zvisinei, hupenyu hwehupfumi hwehupfumi uye kushanda kwakanakisisa kwevhavha kunogona kuwanikwa nekusarudzwa kwakarurama uye kunonzwisisika kwezvinhu zvevhavha.
Yakajairika zvinhu zvemuviri wevharuvhu
1. Gray cast iron mavharuvhu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera uye hupamhi hwekushandisa.Iwo anowanzo shandiswa munyaya yemvura, chiutsi, oiri uye gasi seyepakati, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemakemikari, kudhinda uye dhayi, oiri, machira uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri zvine zvishoma kana kusakanganisa kusvibiswa kwesimbi.
Inoshandiswa kune yakaderera mavharuvhu ane tembiricha yekushanda - 15 ~ 200 ℃ uye kudzvanywa kwezita kwePN ≤ 1.6MPa.
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2. Black core malleable iron inoshandiswa kune yepakati uye yakaderera mavharuvhu ane kushanda tembiricha pakati - 15 ~ 300 ℃ uye zita rekumanikidza PN ≤ 2.5MPa.
Midhiya inoshandiswa imvura, mvura yegungwa, gasi, ammonia, nezvimwe.
3. Nodular cast iron Nodular cast iron imhando yesimbi yakakandwa, inova rudzi rwesimbi yakakandwa.Iyo flake graphite mune grey cast iron inotsiviwa nenodular graphite kana globular graphite.Shanduko yechimiro chemukati chesimbi iyi inoita kuti michina yayo ive nani pane yakajairwa grey cast iron, uye haikuvadzi zvimwe zvinhu.Naizvozvo, mavharuvhu akagadzirwa ne ductile iron ane yakakwirira sevhisi kumanikidza kupfuura iwo akagadzirwa negrey iron.Inoshanda kune epakati uye yakaderera mavharuvhu ane tembiricha yekushanda ye - 30 ~ 350 ℃ uye kudzvanywa kwezita kwePN ≤ 4.0MPa.
Inoshandiswa svikiro imvura, mvura yegungwa, chiutsi, mweya, gasi, oiri, nezvimwe.
4. Carbon steel (WCA, WCB, WCC) yakatanga kugadzira simbi yakakandwa kuti isangane nezvido zvekugadzira zveavo vari kunze kwesimba remavharuvhu esimbi nemavharuvhu ebhuronzi.Zvisinei, nekuda kwekushanda kwakanaka kwekabhoni simbi mavharuvhu uye kuramba kwavo kwakasimba kumanikidziro anokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekupisa, kukanganiswa kwepaipi uye deformation yepombi, nzvimbo yavo yekushandiswa inowedzerwa, kazhinji inosanganisira mamiriro ekushanda evhavha yesimbi yakakandwa uye mavharuvhu ebhuronzi.
Inoshanda kumavharuvhu epakati nepamusoro ane tembiricha yekushandisa - 29 ~ 425 ℃.Tembiricha ye16Mn uye 30Mn iri pakati - 40 ~ 400 ℃, iyo inowanzo shandiswa kutsiva ASTM A105.Inoshandiswa svikiro ine saturated steam uye superheated steam.Yakakwira uye yakaderera tembiricha zvigadzirwa zvemafuta, liquefied gasi, yakamanikidzwa mweya, mvura, gasi rechisikigo, nezvimwe.
5. Low tembiricha kabhoni simbi (LCB) Low tembiricha kabhoni simbi uye yakaderera nickel alloy simbi inogona kushandiswa tembiricha renji pazasi zero, asi haigoni kuwedzerwa kune cryogenic nzvimbo.Mavharuvhu akagadzirwa nezvinhu izvi akakodzera kune inotevera midhiya, semvura yegungwa, carbon dioxide, acetylene, propylene uye ethylene.
Inoshanda kune yakaderera-tembiricha mavharuvhu ane kushanda tembiricha pakati - 46 ~ 345 ℃.
6. Mavharuvhu akagadzirwa nesimbi yakaderera alloy (WC6, WC9) uye yakaderera alloy simbi (yakadai sekabhoni molybdenum simbi uye chromium molybdenum simbi) inogona kushandiswa kune akawanda anoshanda masvikiro, kusanganisira akazara uye anopisa zvakanyanya, mafuta anotonhora uye anopisa, gasi rechisikigo. uye mhepo.Kushanda tembiricha yekabhoni simbi vharafu inogona kuva 500 ℃, uye iyo yakaderera alloy simbi vharafu inogona kupfuura 600 ℃.Pakupisa kwepamusoro, maitiro emagetsi esimbi yakaderera alloy akakwirira kudarika e carbon steel.
Tembiricha yepamusoro uye mavharuvhu ekumanikidza anoshanda kune isiri corrosive medium ine tembiricha yekushandisa iri pakati - 29 ~ 595 ℃;C5 neC12 zvinoshanda kune yakakwirira-tembiricha uye yakakwirira-kudzvanywa mavharuvhu ehuori media ine tembiricha yekushandisa pakati - 29 ne650 ℃.
7. Austenitic Stainless steels Austenitic Stainless steels ine inenge 18% chromium uye 8% nickel.18-8 austenitic simbi isina tsvina inowanzoshandiswa sevharuvhu muviri uye bonnet zvinhu pasi pepamusoro uye pasi tembiricha uye yakasimba ngura mamiriro.Kuwedzera molybdenum kune 18-8 Stainless simbi matrix uye zvishoma kuwedzera nickel zvemukati zvichawedzera zvakanyanya kusakara kwayo.Mavharuvhu akagadzirwa nesimbi iyi anogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemakemikari, sekutakura acetic acid, nitric acid, alkali, bleach, chikafu, muto wemichero, carbonic acid, tanning liquid uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari.
Kuti ushandise kune yakakwira tembiricha yemhando uye nekuwedzera kushandura kuumbwa kwezvinhu, niobium inowedzerwa kune simbi isina tsvina, iyo inozivikanwa se18-10-Nb.Tembiricha inogona kusvika 800 ℃.
Austenitic Stainless simbi inowanzo shandiswa pakudziya kwakanyanya uye haizove brittle, saka mavharuvhu akagadzirwa nechinhu ichi (akadai 18-8 uye 18-10-3Mo) akakodzera chaizvo kushanda pakadzika kudziya.Semuenzaniso, inotakura gasi remvura, segasi rechisikigo, biogas, oxygen uye nitrogen.
Inoshanda kumavharuvhu ane corrosive medium ine tembiricha yekushandisa pakati - 196 ~ 600 ℃.Austenitic Stainless simbi zvakare yakanakira yakaderera tembiricha valve zvinhu.
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8. Plastics uye ceramics zvose zvisiri zvesimbi.Chinhu chikuru chevasiri-metallic material mavharuvhu ndiko kuramba kwakasimba kwecorrosion, uye kunyange vane zvakanakira izvo mavharuvhu esimbi haakwanise kuva nazvo.Inowanzo shanda kune corrosive media ine zita rekumanikidza PN ≤ 1.6MPa uye tembiricha yekushanda isingadariki 60 ℃, uye isiri-chepfu SINGLE UNION BALL VALVE inoshandawo kuindasitiri yekugovera mvura.Izvo zvinhu zvezvikamu zvikuru zvevhavha zvinofanira kutanga zvafunga nezvezvinhu zvemuviri (kupisa, kudzvinyirira) uye makemikari zvinhu (corrosivity) yekushanda kwepakati.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodiwawo kuziva kuchena kwepakati (kana pane zvimedu zvakasimba).Pamusoro pezvo, mirau yakakodzera uye zvinodikanwa zvehurumende nemadhipatimendi evashandisi zvinozotaurwawo kwazviri.
Mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvebasa remavharuvhu pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda.Zvisinei, hupenyu hwehupfumi hwehupfumi uye kushanda kwakanakisisa kwevhavha kunogona kuwanikwa nekusarudzwa kwakarurama uye kunonzwisisika kwezvinhu zvevhavha.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-28-2023